When the Course comes to an end

Course Expectations

My journey in this course all started when I was looking for additional interesting courses to take before the course registration day. After I selected all the courses that allow me to fulfill my graduation requirement, I noticed that I still have the credit hours available to select two courses of my own interest, so I started looking for additional interesting courses on the course explorer. When the course name “Digital Making Seminar” came in front of my eye, I was so amazed that the business school would offer such a course that is related heavily with 3D printing and other types of digital making as well as product design, so I applied. Before the start of the course, I expected the course to have more focus on technical skills, including 3D printing, 3D modeling, 3D scanning, and other digital making skills. But when I entered the course, I noticed that this year we have a focus on the accessible design. This was definitely something that I did not expect, but this did not mean that I didn’t like this course.

Course Experience

During the course, I learned a lot of technical skills that I previously expected, but these skills are not all touched on a deeper level than I expected. This makes me think that my initial expectations of this course was not fully met. However, I learned more things that I did not expect previously, which filled the gap of the unmet expectations. This semester, the course focused primarily on human-centered design with a focus on accessibility design. I think, the primary goal of this course was very inspiring and the overall experience was great without focusing on what my expectations were prior to the course.

In week 2, we visited the Disability Resources & Educational Services facility. This was the first time we met the mentors, people who used their stories to give us inspirations on accessibility product designs. In this experience, I learned how to interview others, learn from their stories while keeping empathy in mind. From these stories and experiences that the mentors told us, I learned to seize the opportunities within these stories and experiences. I also found it very important to understand that people with disabilities are nothing different from people without disabilities. When we are designing items that could improve the user experience that people with disabilities have, we could also apply the same or similar ideas to improve the user experience of people without disabilities. It is more important to capture the opportunities. From this experience, I also learned that I was capturing the opportunities slower than others, perhaps, this was why I was not a designer in the first place. But I learned that even if this was true, I could still come up with design ideas that could improve user experience.

In week 3, we met the Milestone Labs online due to the extreme weather in Champaign on the day of the class. We learned about how the experts from Milestone Labs approach to design problems, discovery opportunities and brainstorm solutions for an opportunity. This was also the first time I realized that people, including me, are so creative in finding simple solutions to overcome small challenges that exist in our everyday lives. However, we usually did not realize that we are solving the small challenges within our daily lives with such simple solutions. I was shocked that I have been so creative in solving the daily challenges that came up as well. I think a big takeaway from this was that we should not overcomplicate problems when there could be a simple solution, and we should not ignore our creativity. From this experience, I became more confident in myself on my ability to solve problems to improve our user experience.

In week 4, we learned about that failure was nothing to afraid of from the presentation conducted by Mike from EarthSense. Instead, we need to learn from failures and fail early to improve our design from the things we learned from our failures. This was very helpful in our later product design stages. In addition to this, we also how to 3D model on tinkercad. We designed our team logo, turned it into a design model on tinkercad, and 3D printed the model. This was our first of a few experiences of 3D modeling and printing in this course.

In week 5, we learned about the needs of another potential mentor group, Illini Service Dogs. We also learned about the development of 3D printing and its applications in the health industry. We were amazed and inspired by how 3D printing made many unsolved challenges in the health industry possible to solve and how people were inspired by 3D printing to improve the experience in the health industry. We also learned about the fab lab and the tools that are available in the fab lab. I think this week gave me an introduction to the resources available on campus that I did not previously know about. I think this was one of the most useful takeaway coming out from this course – I learned that I could utilize the resources available on campus to do things that fit my interests.

In week 6, we finally had an advanced learning on 3D modeling using FUSION 360, which was another few experiences in class that we actually learned the technical skills.

In week 7-9, we learned the tools available in the fab lab and took our brainstorming of design and prototyping forward. In the fab lab, we learned how to design for laser cutting on Inkscape, how to play with the electronics on the breadboard, and how to input codes on Arduino to make this microcomputer to perform the tasks that we wanted it to perform. Besides the skills that we learned in the fab lab, we also brainstormed ideas about the design of our prototype, made our first low-fidelity prototype, collected user feedback, learned from experts’ recommendations and interviews, adjusted the design of our prototype, and designed our storyboard, which served as a plan of how our users would use the product and how we would market our prototype. We also conducted market research on similar products and how our product would be different and unique so that it could capture the opportunities that exist in the market.

In week 10-11, we spent time in preparing for the Make-a-thon. We met new mentors, spent our time listening to their stories and needs. To be honest, I thought that the time we spent in week 10 was actually a waste of time since the major focus was to introduce mentors to students from another course who are also participating in the Make-a-thon. Although the new mentors had great stories that we could learn new opportunities from the new mentors, we were not able to change our approach since our design focus was on improving Jenna and other amputees’ yoga experience, and she actually hoped to get a functional product out from us to improve her experience in yoga. In week 11, we spent time in meeting with the experts from Milestone Labs, learned about the limitations that our team has and how to improve our design for the product. In this week’s experience, I actually learned about the limitations that I had. I am not a design student, and I was lack of the art skills that I could not make sketches and express my ideas clearly enough, even though I had a picture in mind of what the design would look like. Therefore, we consulted with FUSION 360 experts in making sketches of our prototype and making the 3D model of our prototype.

During this period of time, I also completed my once per semester project on 3D printing’s impact on the food industry. This was something that I was particularly interested in. This was also something that allowed me to learn a lot about the 3D printing technology and the benefits and disadvantages it could bring to our daily lives.

In week 12, prior to the Make-a-thon, we finalized our first 3D model of our prototype and 3D printed a scale version of our prototype. We met our new member who would join us during the Make-a-thon.

In the weekends of week 12, the Make-a-thon started. The Make-a-thon experienced was not bad, but it was not the best too. Entering the Make-a-thon without my two teammates but with a new teammate was a challenge. Not to say that we were not in the same page about our product design due to the fact that our new teammate did not have enough knowledge about our design, we encountered many problems of our original design that we would need to deal with. Both of us did not have enough knowledge of FUSION 360, and we also did not have our mentor. We faced a lot of challenges that would cause us in our progress that we would not able to move forward. Although this experience sounds negative til this point, the experience was actually very positive. I learned to deal with my teammate when we had different ideas. We learned how to compromise, but we also learned to move on first when we got stuck into one challenge that would waste our limited time. We learned how to consult with experts and utilize the experts who are available to us during the Make-a-thon. I would always remember how proud I was when three experts and my teammate were debating over the physics of our design and the problems that we might encounter with the 3D model of our second design. Although debates might not seem positive, this was a sign of failing early so that we were about to fix the failures to improve our design. I would rather experience this in the early stages so that we did not make the failing products due to our lack of knowledge in physics and material science. This was an important lesson that I learned from the Make-a-thon: fail early and make improvements to the design utilizing the feedback and actively consult with the experts so that our design would not be failing due to our lack of knowledge.

The challenge came up also due to the fact that we did not have our mentor, Jenna, during the Make-a-thon to test out our product. This made us went for another approach during the Make-a-thon, which to design a product that could be used not just for prosthetic users so that we could actually test out the functionality without Jenna. After the Make-a-thon, we tested the product with Jenna. The test showed success in concept, but a failure in the actual functionality due to the fact that Jenna’s prosthetic leg was different from the actual human leg, which has muscles that could provide us additional support. The prototype we made during the Make-a-thon could improve the lateral balance but only limited to the portion below her ankle. This made us went back to the original design of a prosthetic replacement for yoga.

In the end, we finally came up with a functional prototype after multiple prototype testing with Jenna followed by multiple iterations to the design. I would say that this course helped me grow in problem-solving skills. I also went through a full stage of human-centered design and product development. With a functional prototype coming out of the course, I am very proud of the work we have done during the short semester in the course. If I could choose the course again, I would definitely do so even if it did not fully meet my original expectations.

Week 13: Make-a-thon Reflection

Last weekend, we spent three days in the Make-a-thon attempting in getting our first functional prototype. Prior to the Make-a-thon, I was very worried. Most of my teammates will not be there in the Make-a-thon for most of the time. Fortunate enough, our team has another teammate from the Fab lab course who was willing to help out. Our ideas went from out initial 3D modeling of prosthetic replacement to adding supports on the front and back movements to an attachment to the foot instead of the prosthetic replacement with a look of sandals.

Our idea developed from a prosthetic replacement to an attachment was a huge change. This transition of thoughts was a result of many experts cooperation during the Make-a-thon. We went into deep debates between the two ideas and the pros and cons of different ideas. Our biggest concern during the Make-a-thon was still that we could not create something that is actually functional because ideas may have deceptions that we thought the idea would work out but it does not really work out. We were afraid that the final prototype would not provide enough support for Jenna to balance on her prosthetic. However, Jenna, our mentor, was not there during the Make-a-thon. We were unable to find someone to test out our prototype during the Make-a-thon except for ourselves, which was our greatest concern. However, with our muscles on our actual leg, we were unable to actually test how much support would the prototype provide to us. I tested the prototype myself and asked two of our teammates to test out the product. We could feel that the prototype provides some kind of support laterally. However, we were not able to actually test out whether the prototype could give us enough support during yoga poses. This was our greatest limitation during the Make-a-thon. Other than the concerns of the functionality of the prototype, our overall experience was great during the Make-a-thon because it gave us an ability to make our design to actual products and consult with many different experts to develop our idea further.

This weekend, we tested our prototype that we made during the Make-a-thon with Jenna. Her feedback was that the sandal provided additional lateral space that did actually increased a little bit of lateral balance. However, this support was not helpful enough to keep her balanced laterally, especially the body above her ankle did not get the type of support Jenna expected. This means that our idea was proven to be true that it did provide some sort of lateral support. However, this is far not enough for prosthetic users. This means that we have to redesign our prototype to provide more support above the ankle. Our mentor still recommended for a replacement of her prosthetic and with a cone shape that supports the rod to help out in supporting the upper part above her ankle.

After listening to Jenna’s suggestions, we will redesign our prototype and go back to the initial 3D modeling of prosthetic replacement to make changes that way. We expect to have the design modified before Wednesday on FUSION 360 and print the next prototype out. After the prototype is printed out, we will ask Jenna to test out the prototype again.

Week 11: Opportunities, Product Design

Opportunities – iVenture Acceleration

This week, the class begins with a guest speaker who came in to talk to us about the iVenture Acceleration program. The program sounds very cool to me. I think the program is very interesting in a way that it supports student startups not only through providing investment capital but also training courses for student startups to learn about how to manage and gather funding as well as expanding the network that students can reach, which I think is the most important for any startups. Without network and opportunities, it is really hard to be successful. I think the program is very interesting. If I do not have an internship during the summer, I would definitely consider this opportunity. However, I am still not sure whether I would be able to get an internship or not by this point yet, so it is really hard for me to make a decision at this point on whether I should find a team and apply for this great opportunity.

Product Design

After listening to the guest speaker’s section, we went on to team discussion about our project and reported our project update to Milestone Labs. From the conversation, we understand the weakness of our team makeup. The fact that we don’t have any design students in our team makes the product design stage more difficult than expected. When we are trying to express our ideas in design, it is hard for us to sketch out the idea and communicate it accurately to the audience.

Due to this weakness, we consulted with the Maker Lab Guru, William, on Friday. With his help, we were able to figure out ways to improve our design of the product. He also helped us to sketch out the shape and design that we might be interested in exploring further on for our prototype.

As the Make-a-thon is coming up in one week, our team needs to get at least the 3D modeling done before the Make-a-thon to be able to keep on track, especially when during the first half of the Make-a-thon, I would be the only one who is at the Make-a-thon. Therefore, it is crucial for us to get things done as early as possible.

Introduction to 3D Printing Technology in Food Manufacturing and its Impact

3D Printing Technology

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a technological process that can bring a digital file into a three-dimensional solid object through adding layers by layers of material until the object is formed (“What is 3D Printing?”). 3D printing consists of a series of additive manufacturing technologies, including “selective laser sintering (SLS), fused deposition modeling (FDM), laser-assisted bioprinting, micro-extrusion, etc” (Derossi et al., 2017). The history of 3D printing technology can be traced back to the 1980s. In 1981, Hideo Kodama published his account of a functional rapid-prototyping system that could build a solid, printed model through building up layers that corresponded with the cross-sectional slices of the model with photopolymers. In 1984, Charles Hull invented stereolithography that allowed designers to create 3D models using digital data, which could then be brought to a tangible object through the rapid-prototyping system, which was the start of 3D-printing technology (Goldberg, 2018).

In the past decade, 3D printing has brought significant impact to many different industry sectors, including engineering, medicine, aerospace, art, education, as well as food manufacturing (Derossi et al., 2017). This research paper will focus on the impact of 3D printing in the food manufacturing sector.

3D Printing in the Food Manufacturing Sector

3D Printing in Food Manufacturing

3D printing in food was first introduced by researchers from Cornell University through extrusion-based printing. Now, there are four types of 3D printing techniques widely used in the food manufacturing sector. These 3D printing techniques include extrusion-based printing, SLS, binder jetting, and inkjet printing (Liu et al., 2017).


Types 3D Food Printing Techniques

Extrusion-based printing

The extrusion-based printing technology is usually used in printing hot-melted chocolate, soft dough, mashed potatoes, meat puree, cake frosting, processed cheese, and sugar cookies. This technology can also be used in printing non-traditional materials like algae and insects.

3D printed chocolate cat through extrusion-based printing
3D Printed chocolate heart through extrusion-based printing
3D printed mashed potatoes with complex design through extrusion-based printing


Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

SLS technology is usually used in creating complex structures that are made up of sugar or sugar-rich powders. This method can create various attractive complex structures that could not be produced by conventional ways.

Cake Topper Printed through the SLS technology

Binder Jetting

The method of binder jetting is usually used in constructing edible structures using sugars and starch mixtures. This method allows the production of a wide variety of colorful and tasty edible objects like various kinds of complex sculptural cakes.

3D Printed Cake through Binder Jetting
3D Printed Cake through Binder Jetting

Inkjet Printing

The technology of inkjet printing is usually used in surface filling and image decoration by dispensing edible liquid on the food surface to create appealing images. In this way, this technology is best in creating different images with high resolutions on edible structures like a biscuit, cake, and crackers.

3D Printed food surfaces through inkjet printing
3D Printed food surfaces through inkjet printing


Impact of 3D Food Printing

The application of 3D printing in food manufacturing can bring positive impacts on food and consumers through its highly customizable nature. It allows people to obtain personalized and digitalized nutrition, tailored shape and dimension, customized internal structure and taste (Derossi et al., 2017). It can also simplify the supply chain and enlarge the source of available food material by using non-traditional food materials, including insects, high fiber plant-based materials, and by-products from plants and animals (Liu et al., 2017). However, the application of 3D printing in food manufacturing also leads to societal challenges (Deloitte, 2018).


Benefits

Customization & Enlargement of Sources of Food Materials

In terms of the positive impact the 3D food printing, a major positive impact or potential that 3D food printing has is that food can be personalized and digitalized so that the required nutrition and energy is provided accordingly. In addition to this, the enlargement of sources of materials used in the fabrication of food introduces people to the more non-traditionally expected food and a greater variety of options to choose from.

For instance, the US Army has a very strong interest in the application of 3D food printing in military food primarily due to the following facts:

  1. the technology ensures that the production of meals will not be at a shortage on the battlefield;
  2. meals can be personalized, digitalized, and customized depending on each soldier’s need for nutrition and energy;
  3. the technology offers more options to soldier’s food in terms of the materials used in the fabrication of food (Liu et al., 2017).

In addition, NASA also funded Systems and Materials Research Corporation (SMRC) to investigate the possibility of applying 3D printing for manufacturing food that meets food safety, nutritional stability, and acceptability requirements during long space missions (Liu et al., 2017).

Moreover, as many countries are starting to face aging problems, the issues of nursing home residents having chewing and swallowing difficulties are becoming more serious than before. Softer texture of food will be easier to swallow (Liu et al., 2017). In this case, personalized meals that are produced based on different individuals’ needs for nutrition and energy, physical ability to chew and swallow, and age becomes very useful. In addition, smaller pieces of food will also be easier to chew and swallow for elders. In this case, the ability to tailor shape and dimension very important to produce the meals based on the different individual needs too.


Reproducibility

Another key benefit of 3D food printing is its nature of reproducibility. 3D printing enables chefs to produce exactly the same design for multiple times, especially for those designs that are especially difficult to produce by hand and reproduce. With today’s technology, the ability to elaborate designs and reproduce the special 3D designs helps the production becomes more rapid and ensures the quality of the food design as oppose to hand-made food (Koeing, 2016). In the high-end dining industry, the ability to reproduce complex food design is one of the major elements of fine dining because the quality and reproducibility are highly valued by consumers.  


Simplified Supply Chain

3D food printing can also simplify the customized food supply chain. The robots (food printers) will facilitate the implementation of a strategy that produces the product as orders come in with low overriding costs. The production facilities can be near the end consumers, helping to simplify the customized food supply chain and bring the products to consumers in a more economical manner, specifically with a shorter period of time with fewer human resources being used and higher affordability (Sun et al., 2015). This becomes very beneficial to consumers because it leads to lower prices of customized food as the production process can precisely control the inputs and outputs of the 3D printed food and faster delivery of food to the hands of consumers. The 3D food printing technology can also ensure consistent quality of food products.


Challenges

Although current 3D food printing technology gives us the ability to control the flavor, texture, color, nutritional makeup, shape, and reproducible quality of food. However, the advancement of this technology also raises concerns of the edible materials and other ethical and societal challenges.

Challenges of Material

As the 3D food printing technology gains more popularity, there are some concerns toward the use of edible material, like the health concern for food as the temperature fluctuates. “During the extrusion process in 3D food printing, temperature fluctuations can also represent a health concern for food because the heating/cooking may promote microbial, bacteria, or fungus growth. Thus the industry needs to follow e.g. FDA guidelines regarding appropriate food temperatures” (Pérez et al., 2019). In addition to the temperature fluctuations, food materials with high viscosity and high consistency index are hard to be extruded from the nozzle. The precision of the 3D food printing process will also be affected if the food needs to be printed faster. This is because increasing the printing speed of the 3D food printing process currently requires a larger nozzle, but when the nozzle becomes larger, the precision and quality of printing the shape of the food will become worse than expected. How to adapt to the edible materials used to 3D print food becomes a major challenge.


Ethical & Societal Challenges

In addition to the challenges on the 3D printed food fabrication materials and processes, the ethical and societal implications that 3D food printing brings to the table are more serious.

For instance, “human nutritional needs has been shaped and met by eating whole, natural food. These contain trace elements microbial flora and fauna we are continually discovering the significance of” (Deloitte, 2018). In this sense, we have rich knowledge about what we have discovered as key nutritional elements that human needs for survival, energy, and growth. However, as we are continually learning about nutritional needs, we have to acknowledge that we have limited knowledge about human nutritional needs. We only know the needs that we have discovered, but we don’t know if there are any nutritional needs that are fundamental that has not been discovered yet. If a large portion of the diet is made up of 3D printed customized food, there may be a possibility that we are leaving out key nutritional needs that we have not yet noticed. If there is a risk of unknown malnutrition problems with the 3D printed, personalized, nutrient diet, would the promoting of the benefits of meeting human nutritional needs through customized 3D printed diet still be ethical?

Moreover, like other technologies, 3D food printing is also a process of automation. Whenever the automation topic is brought up, one critical societal question we need to think about should be whether automation that can bring convenience to people is worth the value to exchange for our daily activities, especially the social aspect of preparing and sharing natural food (Deloitte, 2018). To some people, the value of the social aspect of preparing and sharing natural food may be much greater than convenience. To these people who value their daily social activities highly may find a hard time adapting to the usage of 3D food printing because such automation takes away the happiness that can come out from making food. But to other people, this may be the opposite. As a result, the controversy around automation continues.


REFERENCES

Deloitte. “3D Printed Food — Just Because We Can, Doesn’t Always Mean We Should.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 14 Dec. 2018, www.forbes.com/sites/deloitte/2018/05/29/3d-printed-food-just-because-we-can-doesnt-always-mean-we-should/#7605603f2e93.

Derossi, A., et al. “Application of 3D Printing for Customized Food. A Case on the Development of a Fruit-Based Snack for Children.” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 220, 18 May 2017, pp. 65–75., doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.05.015.

Goldberg, Dana. “History of 3D Printing: It’s Older Than You Think [Updated].” Redshift EN, Redshift EN, 21 Dec. 2018, www.autodesk.com/redshift/history-of-3d-printing/.

Koenig, Neil. “How 3D Printing Is Shaking up High End Dining.” BBC News, BBC, 1 Mar. 2016, www.bbc.com/news/business-35631265.

Liu, Zhenbin, et al. “3D Printing: Printing Precision and Application in Food Sector.” Trends in Food Science & Technology, vol. 69, 1 Sept. 2017, pp. 83–94., doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.018.

Pérez, Bianca, et al. “Impact of Macronutrients Printability and 3D-Printer Parameters on 3D-Food Printing: A Review.” Food Chemistry, vol. 287, 27 Feb. 2019, pp. 249–257., doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.090.

Sun, Jie, et al. “A Review on 3D Printing for Customized Food Fabrication.” Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 1, 21 Oct. 2015, pp. 308–319., doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.09.057.

“What Is 3D Printing? How Does a 3D Printer Work? Learn 3D Printing.” 3D Printing, 3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/.

Week 10: Initial Introduction to the Make-a-thon

Rather than having our regular class time, we attended an introduction to the Make-a-thon this week. In this session, we learned about the schedule of the Make-a-thon, the tools available during the Make-a-thon, and the prize. More importantly, we got a chance to learn the stories of more mentors and learn how we should think about the larger target user base other than just the mentor we are working with. In addition, we got a chance to interview and connect with these mentors at the end. Through this chance, we gain additional inspiration from these mentors.

Inspiration from more mentors

During this session, we met Adam and Ryan, but we also met new mentors, including John, Isiah, and Steve. They brought their stories and how they adapt to the struggles they once faced. In addition, Steve brought the stories and the needs of residents living in Clark Lindsey as well. Learning about the needs of residents living in Clark Lindsey, I found that there is a huge need for fall prevention, and this is very similar to my team’s pursuant in designing a product that can help people improve balance during yoga practices and can potentially expand the user base to people who may experience balance issues in their every-day life.

Changes in ideas

Initially, my team has the idea of designing a yoga prosthetic to replace the prosthetic for daily usage for amputees because there are running prosthetic and ballet prosthetic in the market, and a yoga prosthetic may help amputees as well. However, with the thinking of increasing the user base in mind, we are also considering whether we should design an attachment instead now. But when the product wants to reach a greater user base other than amputees who love practicing yoga only, we will need to consider how the attachment can be easily attached and not create any misfits in people’s life.

Having this in mind, we asked Steve a few questions during the session on whether he thinks an outside attachment people’s leg may help in maintaining people’s balance. His answer was that it depends on people’s diagnosis because if people do not have the strength to walk, an attachment may not be enough to help in fall prevention.

Things to do in the future

With this constraint in mind, my team will need further discussion on the feasibility and functionality of the idea of an attachment, how we can make small changes to our ideas to fit the need of a larger user base, and whether we should focus on fitting the need of the smaller user base (amputees who practicing yoga or people who want to practice yoga) for now. Moving forward, we will need to create more low fidelity prototypes to test out our ideas and the functionality of the design.

Week 9: Final Session in Fab Lab – Assembling the Pieces and Creating a Storyboard

This week is our final week of learning sessions in the fab lab. In this week, our class is separated in two parts, assembling the pieces of the watch and creating a storyboard for how our product will reach our target consumers.

Assembling the Pieces

In this week, we started with learning how to use the Arduino software to manipulate pre-packaged codes that are available in the software and load these codes to the Arduino, a single board computer. We went through how to make the LED light blink every second and how to use the tilt sensor to allow the computer detect different inputs of the tilt sensor triggered by the different movements of the tilt sensor. Utilizing the tilt sensor made it possible to assemble the watch that detects curl and twists movements. The Arduino board computer with the code that can detect the inputs of the tilt sensor is the core of the watch that can detect curl and twist movements.

Unpacked tool-pack, Arduino connected to desktop (I lost the other pictures I took during the process of assembling)

After learning how to manipulate codes and load codes to the Arduino, we got to the process of learning how to assemble the watch with different parts of the watch. This process is more about following instructions, but the end result is more important to me. I think, the ability to actually assemble the watch is very exciting. I am very proud of the final product, the watch, I assembled because I finally made something. This also familiarizes me with the process that we may need to go through during the Make-a-thon. We will be making and assembling our final product during the Make-a-thon, which may need to go through the same process we went through in the Fab Lab in the past three weeks.

Creating a Storyboard

The second half of the session was working with our team again. We worked on creating a storyboard for how our product will reach our target consumers this time. We needed to draw sketches of the steps of how our product will reach our target consumers and describe the sketches below them in words. We had ideas of how we are going to bring our product to our target consumers; however, we were not art majors. We did not really know how to draw the sketches that we had in our mind beautifully, but we sketched out what we thought in simple strokes that our teammates can understand. This exercise helped us to plan out our marketing strategy in advance and understand our target consumer better. We need to understand how we are going to approach our target consumer before creating the product because we don’t want the product to be created but has no users. I think this is the main reason why we need to create this storyboard before putting together our product.

Week 8: Second Visit in Fab Lab

Continuing from last week, we visited the Fab Lab again this week. In this week, we were still separated into two groups, and we switched sections. This week, I learned how to build an electric circuit using the breadboard. It could be big, but then it could be very small and use to build a computer. I think this is very important to know about in today’s day, when we rely heavily on electronics. Before this week, I thought that as a business major, I would never get in touch in building an electric circuit myself, since I am not an ECE student. After this training section, I gained a better understanding of how to operate with the tools in the Fab Lab and the potential necessary tools for design.

After the Fab Lab training session, we entered the stage of prototyping. While we were waiting for the meeting with the Milestone Labs, we started planning again for our prototype. We used some other materials to redo our low-fidelity prototype and talked about our concerns on some of the ideas. Afterward, we met with the Milestone Labs together with Jenna. During the meeting, we discussed our project progress as well as our upcoming research plan, a meeting with the founder of the organization Yoga for Amputees. Again, we discussed our initial ideas and our low-fidelity prototypes. In the end, we came to the realization that some ideas we initially have may not be the most feasible idea to have for our product, including the idea of using magnetic tools and the idea of extending the frontal surface of the attachment.

After our team’s meeting with the Milestone Labs, we also met with the founder of Yoga for Amputees, who is an amputee and has a lot of experience working with different amputees across the United States. She provided us a lot of new insights that we had never considered prior to this meeting. She talked about how a relatively fixed ankle and curved heel of the prosthetic leg has contributed to the difficulties for amputees to keep balance. In this case, she suggests us to try to design a product that can allow some curved flexibility to the ankle but at the same time also prevents the ankle from “moving” horizontally (see video). In addition, she also suggests us to design a product with a flatter heel that can allow the amputee to have greater contact with the ground. She also brought up ballet prosthetics that has already existed in the market. We researched the ballet prosthetics and also found that the key to the balance of the ballet prosthetics was the different ankle design that ballet prosthetics have as compared to the normal prosthetics. Also, she mentioned that there would be different needs for different amputees due to the preferences of their prosthetic usage and what makes them feel secure. Therefore, we may be better off if we could talk to different types of amputees to gain what they think about the product so that we could bring customization to our designed product to meet users’ needs. Overall, we gained a lot of insights from the meetings with Milestone Labs and with the founder of Yoga for Amputees. From these insights, we will redesign our prototype and try to get to a more suitable solution.

We got our inspiration of the potential design of ankle from the 3D-Printed pangolins, which will only curve on one side, but will not curve if we turn it to the other side. We believe that this structure of ankle may provide more horizontal stability and prevent falling from ankle bending.

Week 7: Fab Lab – A Fabulous Place for Ideation and Fabrication

Fab Lab Tour

Before this week’s class, I heard the word “fab lab” multiple times during this course. I was always wondering what it looks like in the Fab Lab and what kind of tools in the fab lab we can use. As a student who has visited the IMPACT LABS in Israel, I expected the Fab Lab to look a lot more like the IMPACT LABS. The actual tour gave me a perception that the tools we have access in the Fab Lab are very similar to the IMPACT LABS, including 3D printers, sewing machines, 3D scanners, laser cutters, electronic cutters, and the milling machine, etc. The IMPACT LABS may have some more technologies available like the digital CNC, but then there are a lot more computers with necessary design software installed in the computers for the community to use. In this lab, I discovered software that I have never seen and used before. With a combination of so many amazing tools, I believe that our creation stage will not be as hard as I previously expected.

During the training session in Fab Lab, we were separated into two groups. The group I went with learned how to use Inkspace to design for laser cutting of the surface. This activity prompts us to design a watch face for a motion detector watch. The instructors led us through the basic process of using Inkspace to draw out the watch face step by step. Afterward, we were prompted to design the watch ourselves for our selected specific user. When I design the watch face, I decided to design the watch for elders. Elders have the ability to read words, but they may not see it very clearly. Therefore, I decided to use an image for curl arm movement. When I wanted to find an image for the twisting, I felt that the images I found were kind of confusing, so I decided to use large bolded words TWIST instead of an image.

Watch face I designed

During this activity, I realized that when we need to design a product, we need to consider how different user groups will have different requirements or needs for the product. It is really important to consider their need in order to design a product that can be useful for these user groups. This is also something we need to take in consideration when we are designing our product for this project.

Ideation Phase

In the latter part of the course, we went back to working on our group project. In this week’s class, we move forward from our inspiration phase to the ideation phase. We brainstormed the different possible solutions for different user groups. In this case, we were able to consider what we might do differently for different users. We diverged first when we are trying to brainstorm the different solutions, but at the end, we converged to a few solutions that we believe are possible to work on due to the time-constraint, functional requirements and the affordability constraint. As a result, we came up with two solutions to work our initial prototype on. I am excited to continue with the project and see how our ideas come to actual product that fits our target users’ needs.

Week6: First Touch in Fusion

Fusion 360 – Phone Holder Modeling

Prior to this week’s class, we had a pre-class assignment that introduces us to the Fusion 360. The video we needed to watch guided us, step by step, in creating a box assembly. I followed the steps and created a part of the box assembly. I found that the shapes with the shortcut keys are extremely useful and fast when we are using fusion 360 as compared to the tinkercad.com.

In this week’s class, we had a guest speaker from the Autodesk coming in to teach us how to use fusion 360. We had a hands-on experience of creating 3D models using fusion 360. The guest speaker led us through designing our own cell phone holder step by step. I was very excited about this type of hands-on experience because the hands-on experience is when we can actually learn how to use the different types of software and technology for our project and our future use. I believe that this learning session of 3D modeling will be very useful for our team when we get into the designing and prototyping stage for our project.

Fusion360 3D Modeling & Printing Record

“How might we …” – Question Generation

In the later one-third of the class, we went back to generating insights for our project. We selected three of the major themes that we decided are important in defining our challenge. Then we selected three insights under each theme we identified. According to these insights, we converged to the most important three and formulated a “How might we …” question for each of the insights. All of these questions aggregated together help us define our major challenge and what we need to work toward. I think this activity of design thinking makes us form a better understanding of our intended users as well as the challenge because we were able to brainstorm all the insights we have and aggregate them to form meaningful themes. Through these meaningful themes, we were able to organize what we observed to what we need to solve in reality.

At the end of this design thinking activity, we (our team) come to the conclusion that we need to design a product that will both help the users with prosthetic leg both be able to keep their stability and have the ability to slide. This product needs to help during standing poses (yoga) and not get in the users’ way during the grand poses. Since the product is designing for users with a prosthetic leg, one of the most important ideas is that the users want to look normal and not be different from others. Then designing a product that can both help a prosthetic user stay in balance and be subtle during classes to not draw attention would be extremely important.

Continuing with our project, we will continue to try to reach out to the experts and organizations we found online for the research. We hope to gain more insights to help us generate more ideas and understand our challenge better by continuing with our research. I am also looking forward to learning the tools we have access to and having hands-on experience on the tools in the fab lab starting next week.

Week 5: 3D Printing Makes Things Possible

The class in this past week was filled with presentations and activities. There were four presentations in class in this past week, including (1) a presentation from the Illini Service Dogs about the needs of the organization, (2) a presentation from John Hornick, the author of 3D Printing Will Rock the World, focusing on the changes that 3D printing, 3D scanning, and bioprinting brought to the medical industry, (3) a presentation from Jeff Ginger of the Champaign-Urbana Community Fab Lab about the network and the tools we can get from the fab lab, and (4) a presentation and leaded activity on the process of design thinking/human-centered design from the TA Mehmet Aydin. Out of these four presentations, two of them were extremely memorable to me: the presentation from John Hornick and the presentation from Jeff Ginger.

3D Printing’s Impact on Medical Industry

3D Printed prosthetic hand, soft touch, more realistic looking hand.

Prior to John Hornick’s presentation, I knew that 3D printing technology is becoming more famous as it allows the way of production changes. I have not noticed that it brings so many changes to the health and medical industry, especially in helping people in need. I found many examples he mentioned memorable to me. The first was the 3D printing for prosthetics because it was something that we previously mentioned.

3D Printed skin for facial reconstruction & 3D printed frontal forehead

The second part that was memorable to me was the customization feature of 3D printing. The facial reconstruction that allows people who severely injured to regain the ability to return to a normal life is very inspiring and hopeful in my perspective. The stories make me think about our power in making changes and helping people who are in need. It may be hard for us to design products that can change the medical industry at this point, but we can definitely use this powerful technology to try to improve the quality of life of people in general.

Introduction to Fab Lab

Jeff Ginger’s presentation mainly focuses on the introduction to the fab lab. In this introduction, we learned that the fab lab has a lot of great tools for “innovators”. More importantly, the fab lab is opened to the public. This means that anyone in the community will have access to the amazing tools that he or she can use for designing a product and producing a product at a low cost. This encourages rapid prototyping and production as well as lowering the cost of production. This reminds me of my experience in the IMPACT Labs, a maker-space partnering with WeWork, in the WeWork building. It provides high-end technologies and expertise that can allow entrepreneurs and companies to bring their concept into a production-ready product. There are a lot of high-end technologies in this maker-space, which is very similar to what technologies the fab lab can offer. I was amazed by the high-end technologies I saw when I was in the IMPACT Labs in Israel back then. Now, I think that it is really amazing to know that we have such high-end technologies available in our community too.

IMPACT Labs Logo Under the WeWork Building
The companies that cooperate with the IMPACT Lab and use the IMPACT labs
Laser Cutting Machine in the IMPACT Labs
3D Scanning of boat prototype in IMPACT Labs
3D Scanning of a Boat Prototype in the Impact Labs in Israel